About this compilation of A Course in
Miracles 4.3
This page is a highly condensed summary
of the most frequently raised questions.
If you are new to the ACIM
Community and are interested in the history and origins of the Course, or
simply wish more information about the various versions of ACIM and this particular
compilation in particular, please click here
for considerably more detailed documentation.
1) What
is in this compilation?
2)
Why and how the HLC Version of the Text
was “Corrected”
3)
The “Urtext” volumes II through VI are still being proofed and “corrected”
4)
Reading or looking up text with the
Concordance Software
5)
How does the Annotation System work?
1)
What is in this compilation? 
The channelling of the six volumes of ACIM contained in
this compilation began on Oct 23, 1965 and ended in 1978. The six volumes
in this collection do not represent the whole of Helen Schucman’s scribing but
do constitute what is broadly recognized as the ACIM “canon”.
The six volumes, with their dates of original scribing, are as
follows:
I: Text – 1965-68
II: Workbook
– 1969-1971
III: Manual for Teachers –
1972
IV: Use of Terms
– 1975
V: Psychotherapy
– begun 1973 but not completed until 1975
VI: Song of Prayer
– 1977
The first three volumes were published in the 1975 Criswell Edition
with the fourth volume added as an appendix to the Manual for Teachers in
the first large scale printing in 1976 by the Foundation for Inner Peace
(FIP). In late 1999 and early 2000, two earlier manuscripts of the Text,
and one earlier manuscript of each of the other five volumes were discovered
and found to be substantially different from the earlier published
versions. While the differences after the first few chapters of the Text
are mostly minor, the differences in the early material are quite substantial
with the equivalent of five entire chapters having gone missing entirely. (view comparison of first 8
chapters)
Since 2000, we’ve been working on preparing these manuscripts
for publication in machine readable form with Concordances.
There
is a second version of Volume I and a Separate Concordance. This
is the “Urtext” material from the USCO. Our work on proofing this volume
has only just begun. We are including it in its unproofed
and uncorrected form because this Concordance with the option of displaying
each page of the original manuscript is useful and makes the material more
accessible than any other tool we’ve discovered.
2)
Why and how the HLC Version of the Text was “Corrected”
In this compilation is the Text of the “Hugh Lynn
Cayce” (HLC) version, which is Helen Schucman’s last re-typing
of the first volume prior to the massive editing of 1973-74 which led to the
1975 FIP Abridgement. It is proofed to a very high standard, much higher than
any previous or extant edition of ACIM we know of. Where we discovered
errors or omissions in that manuscript for which there was powerful evidence to
suggest they were inadvertent errors, as opposed to intentional editing changes,
we have either added them with footnotes or footnoted the problem. The
original scribes did not proofread their work against earlier material and many
inadvertent typos, spelling mistakes, and omissions of which they were almost
certainly unaware happened. These range from obvious spelling mistakes
and inconsistencies to omissions of words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs and
even a whole page which result in the total loss, not just of original meaning,
but of any meaning at all! Where we have become aware of these we have
“corrected” them, but always with a footnote, except for the most obvious and
insignificant spelling and punctuation mistakes. That way you can tell
what’s from the original manuscript and what was altered by us. We’ve
also included the original manuscript and annotated the HLC Text
to the original manuscript page numbers just in case you want to check for
yourself!
We have not systematically documented variations between this
version and the FIP version in footnotes because they are so numerous and so
extensive. We have footnoted them in later volumes where the variations
are relatively few and minor. We will eventually get to footnoting all
the variant readings.
For considerably greater detail on this topic see: Preface
to the Corrected HLC
3)
The “Urtext” volumes II through VI are still being proofed and “corrected”
The other five volumes are not proofed to the same high standard
as the HLC yet. The Workbook has had two passes and is
perhaps the least polished here. The other four volumes have all received
four passes (our standard is 10), and are in reasonably good shape. We’ve
also added references to those Biblical quotes we’ve noticed in those
volumes. Biblical references are very time-consuming to add, but we will
include them for the Text and Workbook in due course.
While we know a great deal about the HLC manuscript, we
know rather less about the manuscripts we’re working from on the later
volumes. In the “22 Volumes of Helen Schucman’s Private Papers” retrieved
from the United States Copyright Office (USCO) in 2000, manuscripts of all six
volumes of ACIM which clearly pre-date the FIP editions, were found.
These were labelled “Urtext” at the USCO, but in the case of the Text
volume, it is clearly not the original Thetford typescript, but a
highly edited, later copy. The proofing on that manuscript has only just
begun (Oct. 2006). The other five volumes were in much cleaner condition
and proofing and presenting them for print proved a relatively minor task by
comparison, which is why they were quickly processed into the
Concordance. However we do not know much else about these documents.
It is not entirely certain whether any of them are the actual “Urtext,”
(Bill Thetford’s original typescript made from Helen Schucman’s dictation) or
Helen Schucman’s later re-typing of the Urtext with editing
changes. It is doubtful that the Workbook,
or Manual are the Urtext. It is quite possible the Song
of Prayer manuscript is the original Urtext, and there is some
chance that the Psychotherapy manuscript is also, but this seems less
likely. The Use of Terms may be, or it may not be. Due to
the large amount of mark-up on it, there is reason to believe that there may
not be another “re-typing.” However, because we don’t have all the
original versions with which to compare, it is not possible to be entirely
certain. All we know for sure is that these manuscripts are the oldest
and least edited primary source materials we’ve been able to get a hold of, they
are NOT the oldest in existence however. But that’s another story!
For more on that story see A
Note on Nomenclature.
4)
With the Concordance software you can search for any word or
phrase in any or all volumes of ACIM, and you can enter the material through
the Tables of Contents for each volume, should you wish to go immediately to a
particular chapter. The four windows on your screen are resizable if you
wish. Just hover your cursor over any of the
borders until a “twin arrow” appears, and then you can move the boundary at
will. This makes it reasonably convenient, about as convenient as a
computer screen can be, for extended reading.
For reference purposes, since not all volumes are fully proofed,
we’ve included scanned copies of the original manuscripts from which these
materials were prepared. The original manuscript page numbers are part of
the annotation we’re using, always the LAST field in the multi-field reference,
in brackets. Simply load the manuscript for the volume in question and
“go to” that page number and you can compare the original to the copy.
Should you find any discrepancies which are not adequately explained in the
footnotes, PLEASE WRITE and let us know what the problem is.
For more detail on the use of the Concordance Software see HELP.
5)
How does the Annotation System work?
A typical reference looks like this: T 2 A 13 (22).
There are five fields:
VOLUME (One letter
representing one of the six ACIM
volumes: Text, Workbook, Manual, Use of Terms, Psychotherapy, Song of Prayer)
CHAPTER (Arabic 1-361 …
Lessons are counted as ‘chapters’ in the Workbook)
SECTION
(Alphabetical:
A-Z)
PARAGRAPH (Arabic: 1-99)
ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT
PAGE #
(Arabic: 1..1079) These Arabic numbers represent
the actual page number of the original manuscript from
which our redaction is derived. This is to facilitate checking original
manuscripts and cross-referencing.
To find a reference, you
first go to that volume, then that chapter, and so on until you land at the
paragraph that is cited. To generate a reference for any line, you simply look
to the start of the paragraph to find the paragraph reference.
Where the field contains a zero “0”, this means it is
referencing a section or chapter label which is not actually part of the
original dictation itself. All of the chapter and section labels were
inserted as breaks in the text after the dictation by various editors.
These are very useful but are not actually part of the “original dictation” or the
“Course” proper. Also, rather obviously, the section headings aren’t part
of any particular paragraph, as they occur between paragraphs. Any time
you see a zero in the chapter or section fields, it is referring to the actual
chapter or section break point. So a chapter heading has no “section
number” and no “paragraph number” and these fields should thus just show “0”.
Those familiar with the FIP Second Edition annotation
will welcome the simplifications this system involves. We set out to
produce a “universal” system that would work, to the maximum extent possible,
on all editions of all versions of ACIM. “Where possible” is limited by
the fact that the FIP editions are missing a great deal of material and change
some of the section and chapter names. We obviously can’t create a
reference system to point to material that is missing in a given edition.
For the most part, however, the chapter, section and even paragraph breaks are
consistent across the versions. This, then, becomes the basis of the
Annotation System.
Like the FIP system, the first field is the VOLUME, and it will
be a single letter, T for Text, W=Workbook, M=Manual
for Teachers, U=Use of Terms, P=Psychotherapy
pamphlet, S=Song of Prayer pamphlet. The second field is
the chapter number in all but the Workbook where the “chapter” is
actually a “Lesson”, 1-361. The third field is a section, and this is
based on the section breaks introduced by Bill Thetford in the Text.
The fourth field is the paragraph number within the section, and this is based
on the oldest manuscripts available to us, the paragraph structure in those,
and the editorial mark up in those manuscripts. The final field is the
“absolute page number” of the manuscript. In some cases that’s also the
page number marked on the manuscript but in other cases the manuscript
pagination is not accurate and therefore not useful for reference. Where
that is the case, we’ve simply renumbered the manuscript with the first page
(after the cover page) numbered one, and the number incremented with each page.
Our greatest challenge was the Workbook, because while
the obvious major “landmarks of textual geography” are the Lessons themselves,
there is additional material in the Workbook, the introductions, the
reviews, the ‘what is” homilies in Part II, etc.
Using the Biblical “chapter and verse” reference system as our
model, a system which has survived largely unchanged for some 600 years and has
proven extremely useful, even though it is largely arbitrary and does not
reflect “natural” divisions in the textual geography, we decided to limit the
number of levels of division as much as possible. Thus where FIP divides
the Workbook exactly as the editors structured it, which is highly inconsistent, we divide the whole thing into 361 “chapters”
with the beginning of each of the 361 lessons as the ‘break’ point.
Material which is not part of a specific lesson but which occurs between any
two lessons is treated as the “second section” of that “chapter” or
lesson.
The FIP system results in numerous
inconsistencies and anomalies which make its use exceedingly difficult for the
experienced and practically impossible for the novice. For instance,
Lesson 350 is referenced thus: W-pII.350.2. It is followed by a
“What Is” homily which is referenced thus: W-pII.14.1. In this
structure, the Workbook has two ‘chapters’, pI
and pII, and “section 350” is followed by “section
14” … and you can see why people have trouble figuring out how to write an
annotation! In our system Lesson 350 is referenced thus: W 350 L 0 (604). The “What Am I?” homily
which follows it immediately is referenced as W 350 W14 1 (605). This is about as
complicated and inconsistent as our system gets. The first two fields are
still Volume and Chapter, and will get you very close to the
passage. After that for Lesson 350, and all lessons, there is the
“section” designator “L” which means this is a regular lesson. Only that
material which is NOT a “regular lesson” has anything else in the section
field, in this case “W” for the “What Is” materials. For “Reviews” we
find an “R” in the section field. For the introduction we find an
“IN”. So you can have IN, IN2 for the introductions to Part 1 and Part 2,
RI through RVI for the Reviews and W1 through W14 for the “What is”
homilies. That’s it. The Problem in the Workbook
is that the material was originally structured in a manner which defies any
sort of ordinary literary hierarchical structure, so trying to put a simple and
instantly understandable structure onto it is a challenge. We fully
sympathise with why the FIP editors just gave up trying and simply labelled
everything exactly as it appeared, however crazy and confusing the resulting
annotation system ended up being. After years of discussion about this
problem with many people we found it was possible to create a much simpler and
more intuitive means of specifying the location of any line in ACIM with
acceptable precision. Even so, the Workbook WAS a challenge and is
still perhaps some distance short of the ideal, and if anyone has any
suggestions for improving this, let us know!!
In the first chapter, in the 53 miracle
principles, we have the other major anomaly to the strict “chapter and section”
annotation system. While the first section, the Principles of Miracles,
should obviously be subdivided into 53 parts, one for each miracle principle,
some of the 53 parts have more than one paragraph and this is the “paragraph”
level of our annotation system! We could have combined all the paragraphs
in each lesson into a single paragraph but with the very long principles, these
are over a page in length, and this is too large a block of text for a bottom
tier of a reference system, especially if you remove the
paragraph breaks within it! So that was ruled out. What we ended up
doing in this section, and nowhere else, is to number the paragraphs as, for
example, “51a” and “51b” etc., where elsewhere paragraph numbers are all a
single integer. “51b”, of course, means the second paragraph of Miracle
Principle 51. This does introduce, effectively, a fifth tier in the
referencing of this one section and for this we apologise but we could find no
way to avoid it. FIP avoided the problem by shortening the longer miracle
principles until they were indeed just one paragraph in length, and relocating
or just deleting the rest of the material. This was not an option we
considered.
In the Manual some “chapters” are
short and have no sections, the section designator will always be “A”
therefore. In the Use of Terms there are no sections, only eight
short chapters. Each “division” in the text is therefore a ‘chapter,’ one
through eight. Here is another contrast with the FIP system. For
the first part, FIP calls it, not “chapter one” but “chapter in” and for the
last part, it calls it not chapter 8, but “chapter ep”.
So you have six chapters with an “in” before chapter one and an “ep” after chapter six. We just made it 8 chapters,
the chapter being simply being the top level of textual division within a
volume. In the Text manuscript, Thetford has each chapter
beginning with one or more paragraphs before the first labeled
section break. We’ve called all of these “Section A, Introduction” and
the first labelled section becomes, of course, “Section B” because it is the second
section in the chapter. FIP is totally erratic in dealing with
this. They change some of the “Introductions”, giving them new names and
where they are left, they aren’t labelled “Section One” to indicate that they
are the first section, they are labelled “Section in” and the second section,
which we feel is sensibly labelled “section two” becomes in FIP, section one.
In these cases to match our annotation
system to the FIP system, you actually have to ignore what FIP calls
the sections, and simply count them, the first one being (surprise! Surprise!) “one” and the one after
that being (I know this is radical) “two”, etc. or “A…B…C” with the sections.
Where FIP adds sentence numbers, we did
not for three reasons. 1) Very rarely is it necessary to cite a quote
with that degree of precision. Getting to the right paragraph is close
enough. 2) The added field is just one more layer of complexity which
makes the FIP system look and feel complicated even in those places where it
isn’t particularly complicated, as is the case with a good part of the Text
where FIP annotations and ours are nearly identical. 3) if
you need that degree of precision in a citation, such as when
contrasting two sentences in a single paragraph, or the like, there is nothing
to stop people from adding another field after the paragraph numerical
designator, as FIP does, and nothing stopping people from counting sentences
within paragraphs if they wish! We just don’t feel this is needed
frequently enough to include it in all citations as a standard.
The Basic Structure of
our annotation system is Volume, Chapter, Section, Paragraph and the only
anomalies are as indicated above. We have chosen to use different notion
than FIP mostly so that it is immediately obvious to anyone viewing a reference
generated in either system WHICH it is. Still, there is absolutely nothing
to stop anyone from using whatever notation they prefer.
For the Volumes, we do as
FIP does, one letter per but we also add volume numbers, one through six.
For chapters, in the Text it is the same as FIP but in the rest it’s
quite different, as FIP’s “chapter numbers” are
chaotic and inconsistent in much of the other volumes. We do use chapter
numbers which are Roman Numerals, whereas FIP uses Arabic for the chapter and
Roman for the Section. We use alphabetical numbering for the sections,
and Arabic numerals for the paragraphs. Except in the Workbook
where the Lessons (chapters) use Arabic Numbers. It just gets too
complicated with very large numbers such as CCCXXXVIII for Lesson 338, for
example, to stick with Roman numerals there. It should be remembered that
while the documents here use Roman, Arabic and alphabetic notation in a
particular way, there is no reason you can’t use whatever suits your fancy!